Essentials of Geochemistry

acid activity coefficients albite alkaline amount anorthite aqueous solutions aqueous species atmosphere basalt bonds brucite Ca2+ calcite calculated carbon cations charge chemical cm³ component composition concentration considered continental crust crystals decay decreases density depth determined diagram diopside earth earth's surface electrons elements endmember entropy equation equilibrium constant Fe2+ feldspar fluid flux fugacity function Gibbs energy gibbsite given gives gradient H₂O HCO3 heat Henry's law hydrothermal ideal increases indicated ionic ions isotopes kaolinite kbar layer liquid magma mantle mass melt metamorphism Mg2+ minerals mixing mixture mol-¹ molality molar mole fraction molecules NaCl occurs oceanic crust olivine orbitals oxidation oxygen partial phase plagioclase precipitation pressure and temperature produced pure quartz ratio reactant reaction reservoir rocks seawater sediments shown in Figure silicate SiO2 solid solution solubility stable SUPCRT92 Table termed thermodynamic tion typically values vapor variables volume