Origin of igneous rocks : the isotopic evidence
His book is intended for graduate students of the Earth Sciences who require a T comprehensive examination of the origins of igneous rocks as recorded by the isotope compositions of the strontium, neodymium, lead, and oxygen they contain. Students who have not had a formal course in the systematics of radiogenic isotopes can acquire a basic understanding of this subject by a careful study of Chap. 1. Addi tional information is readily available in a textbook by Faure (1986). The primary purpose of this book is to demonstrate how the isotope composition of Sr, Nd, Pb, and 0 in igneous rocks has been used to shed light on the origin of igneous rocks and hence on the activity of the mantle and on its interactions with the continental and oceanic crust. The presentations are based on the premise that igneous and metamorphic rocks form as a direct consequence of the dynamic processes of the mantle and of the re sulting interactions between the mantle and the crust. Accordingly, Chap. 2 to 6 ex amine specific types of igneous rocks that form in particular tectonic settings. Each of these chapters starts with questions about the properties of the mantle and crust, and about the relation between the tectonic setting and the rock-forming processes that take place in that setting
xv, 496 pages : illustrations, maps ; 28 cm
9783540677727, 9783642087288, 3540677720, 3642087280
44818302
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND ISOTOPE SYSTEMATICS: Chemical Properties of Rb and Sr
Isotope Systematics of Rb and Sr
The Rb-Sr Method of Dating
Fitting of Isochrons
The Sm-Nd Method of Dating
The Epsilon Notation
Mixtures of Two Components
The U-Pb Methods of Dating
Oxygen Isotope Composition
Fractional Crystallization of Magma
Assimilation and Fractional Crystallization
Meteorites and the Isotope Evolution of Terrestrial Strontium
THE ORIGIN OF VOLCANIC ROCKS IN THE OCEANS: Magma Formation in the Mantle
Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalt, Atlantic Ocean
Iceland
Canary Islands
Islands of the Atlantic Ocean
Mantle Components and Plumes
MORBs of the Pacific Ocean
Islands of the East Pacific Ocean
Seamounts of the Eastern Pacific Ocean
The Island Chains of Polynesia
Ontong Java and Manihiki Plateaus
The Hawaiian Islands and Emperor Seamounts
Samoan Islands, Western Pacific
MORBs of the Indian Ocean
Kerguelen and Heard Islands
Oceanic Islands of the Indian Ocean
Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea
Summary: The Importance of Plumes
SUBDUCTION ZONES IN THE OCEANS: Petrogenetic Models
The Mariana Island Arc in the Pacific Ocean
The Aleutian Islands
Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands
The Japanese Islands
Tonga-Kermadec-New Zealand
The Sunda Islands of Indonesia
Philippine Islands and the Luzon Arc
Other Oceanic Island Arcs in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans
The Lesser Antilles, Caribbean Sea
Mesozoic Basalt, Caribbean Sea
Mediterranean Sea
THE COMPRESSIVE MARGIN OF THE AMERICAN CONTINENTS: Andes of South America
Rhyolites and Ignimbrites of Central America and Mexico
Rhyolites and Ignimbrites of California
Silicic Volcanic Rocks of the Southwestern USA
Mafic Volcanic Rocks, Southwestern USA
The Cascade Range of the Northwestern USA
Cenozoic Volcanic Rocks of the Oregon Plateau
Summary: The Tertiary Ignimbrites of the Americas
CONTINENTAL FLOOD BASALT PROVINCES: Petrogenesis of Flood Basalts
Columbia River Basalt, USA
The Snake River Plain and Yellowstone Caldera
North Atlantic Igneous Province
Deccan Plateau, India
Rajmahal Plateau, Nortlieastern India
The South Atlantic Igneous Province
The Brazil-West Africa Connection
The Northeastern Brazil-Liberia Connection
Magmatic Activity Along the Atlantic Coast of North America
The South Africa-Antarctica Connection
Jurassic Tholeiites of the Transantarctic Mountains
The Siberian Flood-Basalt Province
Cenozoic Basalts of Eastern China
Flood Basalts of Ethiopia and Yemen
Continental Basalts of Arabia
Summary: Plumes Dominate the Mantle
ALKALIC IGNEOUS ROCKS ON THE CONTINENTS: East African Rift System
Potassic Rocks of the Western Rift of East Africa
Volcanic Activity of North-Central Africa
Intraplate Alkaline Plutons of Africa
Mediterranean Region
Alkali-rich Rocks of Central Europe
Scandinavia
Kola Peninsula, Russia
Western North America
Ultramafic Inclusions, Western North America
Australia
Antarctica
DIFFERENTIATED GABBRO INTRUSIVES: Midcontinental Rift System of North America
Muskox Intrusion and the Coppermine River Basalt, Canada
Diabase Dikes and Sills of the Canadian Precambrian Shield
Stillwater Complex, Montana
Kiglapait Intrusion, Labrador
Caledonian Gabbros of Northeast Scotland
Rhum Intrusion, Inner Hebrides, Scotland
Bushveld Complex, South Africa
Great Dyke, Zimbabwe
Mafic Intrusives of Australia
Summary: Petrogenesis in the Precambrian
ARCHEAN GREENSTONE BELTS AND GRANITIC GNEISSES OF NORTH AMERICA: Greenstone Belts of the Superior Craton
Mantle-Separation Dates
Isotopic Homogenization of Granitic Gneisses
The Wyoming Craton
Amitsoq Gneiss and Isua Supracrustals, West Greenland
Summary: The Origin of the Oldest Rocks
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